Introduction: Steoporosis is currently one of the prevalent diseases. The effect of exercise on bone marrow density (BMD) has been documented for all age groups. The aim of this research was to compare the effects of endurance vs. RESISTANCE TRAININGS on local Bone Mineral Density (BMD) changes. Materials AND Methods: Thirty-six volunteer female university students (age average: 22.58±1.56; Body Mass Index average: 22.85±2.17), with sedentary lifestyles, were selected AND rANDomly divided to three groups (n=12 in each group). These groups were determined as: The endurance group who ran for 36 sessions on a treadmill over a period of 3 weeks at 70 to 80 percent of the maximum heart-beat rate. They were required to run for 40 minutes per session on the other hAND, the RESISTANCE group received 36 circuit training sessions at the rate of 70 to 80 percent of 1RM with 6 to 8 repetitions in 3 sets with 2 minutes of rest in between. The third group of the study was the control group.Results: Both the endurance AND the RESISTANCE training protocols induced significant increases in BMD in the areas of lumbar, neck AND femur (P<0.05). However, the variation was more significant for the endurance group in the neck AND femur while it was in the AEROBIC group where better effects were observed in the lumbar region (P<0.05). Conclusion: There was no considerable differences between the two modes of exercise (i.e. endurance AND RESISTANCE) in terms of the increase of skeleton’s local bone mineral density.

Introduction: Evidence has shown that spread of cardio-vascular diseases has inflammatory background AND systemic inflammation has the key role in the development of atherosclerosis AND these factors may specially increase cardiovascular problems in overweight AND obese people. This study examined the effects of RESISTANCE AND AEROBIC TRAININGS on soluble intracellular adhesive molecule (sICAM-1) AND lipid profile in overweight women.Materials AND methods: 38 healthy premenopausal women participated in the study AND were rANDomly classified into two training groups including resistant group (n=14, mean age 34.14±5.82 yr., body mass index 30.48±4.29 kg/m2) AND AEROBIC group (n=14, mean age 35.42±5.77 yr., body mass index 28.49±3.28 kg/m2), AND a control group (n=10, mean age 35±5.94 yr., body mass index 26.98±2.17 kg/m2). AEROBIC training was carried out for 8 weeks, 4 sessions per week at 65-80 percent of maximal reserve heart rate. The duration of each session was 16 minutes in the first week AND it increased up to 30 minutes in the 8th week of exercise. RESISTANCE training was also carried out for 8 weeks at 50-65 percent of 1RM. The training was carried out 4 session per week AND each session lasted 50 minutes AND included 9 stations. sICAM-1, lipid profiles including total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), AND body mass index of participants were assessed before AND 48 hours after TRAININGS. Data were analyzed by the use of ANOVA AND LSD test AND statistical significance was put at P<0.05.Results: Weight (P=0.001) AND body mass index (P=0.001) decreased AND maximal oxygen uptake (P=0.001) increased significantly in both AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE groups after 8 weeks, while sICAM-1, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C AND LDL-C had no significant changes (P>0.05) in training groups than control group.Conclusion: Although the 8 weeks training did not have significant effects on the lipid profile AND sICAM-1 of overweight premenopausal women, body mass index decreased AND maximal oxygen uptake improved significantly in the two groups.

Introduction: The FGF-21 biomarker is an essential factor in reducing the incidence of various cancers AND improving the metabolic status of individuals, AND improving the metabolic of heart cells. This study aimed to assess the difference between the effect of RESISTANCE, AEROBIC, AND combined training on the salivary levels of FGF-21 in active older men. Methods: The present study method was semi-experimental AND performed with a pre-post-test design AND three experimental groups. The subjects were rANDomly assigned to study 36 divided into three groups 1. RESISTANCE training, 2. AEROBIC training, AND 3. Combined training (n = 12). The serum FGF-21 salivary value in subjects was evaluated AND recorded using special sANDwich analysis methods by special kits according to the kit brochure's method. The subjects then performed relevant training protocols for eight weeks, after which the post-test data training was evaluated AND recorded similar to the pretest conditions. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistical tests, dependent t-test, one-way ANOVA, AND Scheffe post hoc in SPSS version 24. The significant level was 0. 05. Results: The results showed that the number of salivary FGF-21 increased significantly after applying AEROBIC, RESISTANCE, AND combined training, AND this increase was 38. 9%, 23. 8%, AND 14. 7% for combined, RESISTANCE, AND AEROBIC activity, respectively. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, combined exercises should be used to improve metabolic risk factors AND reduce the risk of cancer due to increased FGF-21 levels in the elderly community.

Background AND objectives: Chemokines are a group of proteins involved in both innate AND adaptive immunity with a significant role on homeostasis AND immune system development. The present study aimed to evaluate effects of eight weeks of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation exercise after coronary artery bypass surgery on expression of chemokines CCL2 AND CCL5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of middle-aged men. Methods: The study was performed on 45 middle-aged men that had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. The subjects were rANDomly divided into three groups of control (n=15), AEROBIC exercise (n=15) AND combined AEROBICRESISTANCE exercise (n=15). The TRAININGS were performed three times a week for eight weeks at 60-75% of target heart rate. Fasting blood samples were collected 24 hours before the first training session AND 48 hours after the last training session. Lymphocytes were separated by centrifugation. Change in gene expression was investigated by real time-PCR. Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 16) using one-way analysis of variance AND Tukey’ s post hoc test. Results: The eight week exercise training significantly decreased expression of CCL2 compared to the control group. Conclusion: Rehabilitation exercise can be an effective way to prevent, control or reduce atherosclerosis by lowering expression of CCL2 AND CCL5.

RESISTANCE is one of the fundamental Quranic values in the cause of the development of the Islamic society AND the formation of the Islamic civilization, which means stANDing AND resisting against something has upset the balance in internal AND external dimensions. The formation of this value in the society as one of the methods of the conventional model of human life in the fields of human life; So that its manifestation can be observed in the totality of social behaviors, it is called the culture of RESISTANCE (Problem statement). The purpose of this article is the achievement of the engineering process of this value in a society based on the growth-oriented thought (ideological) system of the Holy Quran (Purpose). Now the question is what process does the Holy Quran propose in order to engineer the culture of RESISTANCE in the society? (Question). The necessity of examining this issue is clear considering the emphasis of religious teachings on this value AND the need for Islamic societies, especially considering the current conditions of Islam AND the need for convergence AND coordination between the RESISTANCE front (Necessity). The research method in stating the engineering process AND its components is qualitative content analysis with an analogy approach (Method). The findings of the research show that the engineering process of RESISTANCE culture is based on a self-awareness AND purposefulness, according to the idea of Quranic growth, in a three-stage process that leads to the happiness of man AND human society (Conclusion).

Background AND Aim: The spread of cardio-vascular diseases have an inflammatory background AND systemic inflammation has the key role in the development of atherosclerosis AND this factor may specially increase cardiovascular problems in overweight AND obese people. The present study aimed at examining the effects of RESISTANCE AND AEROBIC TRAININGS on C reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile, AND body composition in overweight women.Materials AND Methods: 45 healthy premenopausal women participated in the study AND they were rANDomly classified into three groups: control group (n=15), RESISTANCE training (n=15), AND AEROBIC training (n=15). AEROBIC training was carried out for 8 weeks, 4 sessions per week at 65-80 percent of maximal reserved heart rate. Duration of each session was 16 minutes in the first week AND it increased up to 30 minutes in the 8th week of exercise. Resistant training also carried out for 8 weeks at 50-65 percent of 1RM. These TRAININGS were performed 4 sessions per week AND each session lasted 50 minutes. Serum level of CRP, lipid profiles including TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C AND body mass index of the participants were assessed before AND 48 hours after TRAININGS. The obtained data was analyzed by the ANOVA AND Tukey test at the significant level P<0.05.Results: Percent body fat/ PBF, (P=0.01) AND waist to hip ratio/ WHR, (P<0.001) decreased significantly AND maximum volume of oxygen utilization /Vo2max increased significantly (P<0.001) in both AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE groups compared to the control group, while, CRP (P=0.01) decreased significantly in the resistant group compared to the control. However, CRP in AEROBIC group (P=0.33) AND TG, TC, HDL-C AND LDL-C had no significant changes (P>0.05) in the training groups in comparison with the control group.Conclusion: Although 8 weeks of both AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE TRAININGS did not affect the lipid profile of premenopausal overweight women compared to the control group, it decreased CRP in RESISTANCE group significantly rather than control group AND also decreased PBF, WHR AND improved Vo2max significantly in both groups in comparison with the control group.

Background: Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is the most important member of the neurotrophin family that it is essential in the growth AND preservation of neuronal phenotype AND functional integrity of cholinergic neurons. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks AEROBIC, RESISTANCE AND combined training on serum levels of NGF in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Methods: In this semi-experimental study cases were rANDomly selected AND divided to four groups: AEROBIC, RESISTANCE, combined AND control. AEROBIC training includes three sessions per week with intensity 70-75% maximum heart rate for 25 to 45 minutes AND RESISTANCE training, consists of two sets of upper body muscles AND trunk muscles, three sets of lower body muscles with 8 to 12 repetitions, three sessions a week. Combined training includes both AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE training, which was performed three sessions per week. In the combined training, AEROBIC training AND then RESISTANCE training were performed three sessions per week. Before AND after the three-month period of the research, subjects were blood sampled. Results: The 12 weeks of training in all three groups significantly increased serum levels of NGF (P<0. 05). Meanwhile, the highest increase was observed in AEROBIC group. Conclusion: The regular training increases the levels of NGF AND prevents the development of peripheral neuropathy.

Introdution: The cells rolled in the formation of bone, regulated glucose metabolism, AND increased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells AND modulated the insulin RESISTANCE. Therefore, the present study aimed to study the effects of AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE exercises on relation between blood biochemical parameters AND body composition with bone turnover markers in overweight men. Method: In this quasi-experimental study, a total of 36 overweight, young healthy men (age range28-35 years) were rANDomly assigned to the control (n=14), AEROBIC exercise (n=11) AND RESISTANCE exercise (n=11) groups. In the AEROBIC exercise group, excercisetraining was performedfor 8weeks, three sessions per week (at 55-85% of HRR), AND in the RESISTANCE exercise group, exercise training was perfprmed in 8weeks for three sessions per week(at 55-75% of 1RM). Body composition AND blood samples were assessed from fasting blood samples before AND after the 8-week exercise programme. Data wereanalyzed by t-test AND ANOVA by SPSS ver. 25 Software. Results: Paired t-test AND one-way ANOVA showed that AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE training cause the reduction of body composition (P <0. 05), increasing the osteocalcin (P = 0. 001 AND P <0. 001) as well as a significant decrease in blood biochemical parameters (P <0. 05). Also, Pearson correlation showed that there was no correlation between osteocalcin AND blood biochemical parameters AND body composition (P <0. 05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that 8-week exercise TRAININGS increase osteocalcin levels, which is associated with a decrease in body weight AND body fat percentage, particularly lipid profiles. However, despite the differences in mean, there was no statistically significant difference between AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE training.